The Kyakhta Tripartite Treaty of 1915 was a significant diplomatic agreement between China, Russia, and Mongolia that defined Mongolia’s political and legal status. The negotiations, held in Kyakhta between August 1914 and June 1915, were shaped by the competing interests of the three parties. Mongolia aimed to secure its sovereignty and unification with Inner Mongolia and Barga, while China sought to reassert its control over Mongolian territories. Russia, acting as a mediator, aimed to maintain its political and economic influence in the region while acknowledging Chinese suzerainty over Outer Mongolia. The treaty ultimately granted Mongolia autonomy but restricted its international diplomatic actions. Despite Chinese resistance, Mongolia retained key symbols of independence, including the title of the Bogd Khaan and internal self-governance. The agreement underscored the dominance of Great Powers over weaker states while allowing Mongolia to achieve limited sovereignty. The provisions of the treaty, particularly regarding trade, administration, and international relations, influenced Mongolia’s status for years to come and laid the groundwork for its eventual path to full independence.