The negotiations between Joseph Stalin and Song Ziwen in July 1945 focused primarily on the status of Outer Mongolia. Stalin maintained that China should recognize the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), while Song, under orders from Chiang Kai-shek, offered only autonomy. The core of their debate revolved around the interpretation of "status quo," with China insisting on suzerainty and the Soviet Union defining it as full independence. Stalin's firm stance and the broader geopolitical context, including the Yalta Conference and Soviet military interests, ultimately pressured China into conceding. Chiang Kai-shek reluctantly agreed to a referendum in Mongolia, which, unsurprisingly, resulted in overwhelming support for independence. Consequently, China officially recognized the independence of the MPR in January 1946. However, despite the formal recognition and the establishment of diplomatic relations, the political climate between China and Mongolia remained strained. This study analyzes the negotiations, their diplomatic significance, and the impact of Soviet strategic interests in shaping Mongolia’s independence. The discussions illustrate the complexities of wartime diplomacy and the shifting power dynamics in East Asia as World War II drew to a close, emphasizing the intersection of national sovereignty and great power politics.