India, a nation of over 1.4 billion people, is the fastest-growing economy in the world today. The country faces a challenging situation as it seeks to balance its targets for achieving inclusive growth with a deep-seated commitment to combating climate change. In this context, this chapter undertakes a comprehensive assessment of India’s performance in the energy sector and key policy initiatives in this respect. The chapter sets the background with a brief assessment of the global energy scenario and key commitments that seek to mitigate the impact of climate change. It analyses India’s energy system with special focus on the extent of progress towards a transition to renewable energy sources, especially involving solar power and green hydrogen. It also discusses India’s role in sustainable global value chains and in major international alliances, evaluates issues related to energy security and outlines the contours of the road ahead. It observes that India ranked 74 among 127 countries in the World Energy Trilemma Index 2023, holding its position steady compared to 2022 and showing steady improvement since 2019. Besides, India has achieved rising energy security in recent times.