This chapter explores the role of governance in energy poverty alleviation and net-zero emission. The problem of energy poverty and climate change have been linked with governance and institutions responsible for the availability of funds, crucial for investments in the energy sector. Effective governance ensures that fiscal policies are well targeted and implemented efficiently, directly contributing to energy poverty alleviation by optimizing the allocation and use of public resources. Additionally, the quality of government institutions also plays an important role in catalysing the positive effects of public spending on energy poverty alleviation. The effectiveness of increased public spending to combat energy poverty is uncertain without well-functioning government institutions to oversee and allocate public funds. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of governance in energy poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation.