The chapter offers an introduction to the theoretical and practical understanding of how energy and climate change policies are designed, shaped, advocated, and implemented. With the globalization of the energy markets, domestic climate change policies are becoming more and more related to the wider issues of international governance. The concurrent urgency to mitigate and adapt to climate change and also transition to a low carbon economy leads to a complex problem that needs more attention. This chapter introduces the interconnected issues in energy and climate policy by providing a wide range of practical skills that lay the groundwork for further engagement in this area in the future. This chapter discusses the interlinkages between the urgent need to combat climate change and the challenges posed by energy poverty. The adverse impacts of climate change include unsustainable production and consumption, rising food insecurity, ecological instability, and deteriorating human well-being. On the other hand, energy poverty, characterized by a lack of access to clean, reliable, and affordable energy sources, affects millions globally. This chapter elucidates the complexities of addressing these interconnected issues. Policies to combat climate change like decarbonization can negatively impact energy poverty alleviation, whereas policies to reduce energy poverty like increase in energy access, reduction in energy prices, and rise in energy demand, may increase energy-related carbon emission which contributes to climate change.