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Although copper is a vital micronutrient for plants, playing key roles in photosynthesis, enzyme activity, hormone regulation, stress response mechanisms, and nutrient uptake efficiency, its excessive accumulation can lead to toxicity. Elevated copper levels interfere with plant biochemical and physiological processes, resulting in oxidative stress and damage to cellular structures, ultimately impairing plant growth and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of copper uptake and transport in plants, highlighting the toxic effects on seed germination, growth, and photosynthesis. Additionally, it explores plant detoxification mechanisms, including both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, which help mitigate copper-induced stress. Sustainable soil management practices, particularly phytoremediation, are also discussed, focusing on the use of plants to tolerate, accumulate, and immobilize copper. Techniques like phytoextraction and phytostabilization emerge as cost-effective, eco-friendly solutions for soil rehabilitation. This review underscores the importance of selecting plant species with enhanced copper tolerance and understanding their detoxification strategies to optimize phytoremediation outcomes.

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Copper: Uptake, Toxicity, Tolerance in Crops, and Strategies for Managing Cu-Contaminated Soils

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mohamed Zouari,
  • Ameni Ben Hassena,
  • Lina Trabelsi,
  • Nacim Zouari,
  • Bechir Ben Rouina,
  • Pascal Labrousse

摘要

Although copper is a vital micronutrient for plants, playing key roles in photosynthesis, enzyme activity, hormone regulation, stress response mechanisms, and nutrient uptake efficiency, its excessive accumulation can lead to toxicity. Elevated copper levels interfere with plant biochemical and physiological processes, resulting in oxidative stress and damage to cellular structures, ultimately impairing plant growth and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of copper uptake and transport in plants, highlighting the toxic effects on seed germination, growth, and photosynthesis. Additionally, it explores plant detoxification mechanisms, including both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, which help mitigate copper-induced stress. Sustainable soil management practices, particularly phytoremediation, are also discussed, focusing on the use of plants to tolerate, accumulate, and immobilize copper. Techniques like phytoextraction and phytostabilization emerge as cost-effective, eco-friendly solutions for soil rehabilitation. This review underscores the importance of selecting plant species with enhanced copper tolerance and understanding their detoxification strategies to optimize phytoremediation outcomes.