Agriculture is facing the challenge of feeding of growing population globally. Moreover, crop productivity is steadily being threatened by environmental contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. These pollutants interfere with nutrient uptake and plant physiological processes that reduce yields. Nevertheless, even high levels of heavy metals causing impairment to growth and oxidative stress continue unabated among the constitutive and inducible mechanisms developed in plants to cope with stress. Nanotechnology is very promising in solving these problems because nanomaterials enhance stress tolerance, nutrient uptake, and resistance against contaminants. Nanomaterials enhance the activity of antioxidants, photosynthesis, and assimilation of nutrients, which enable plants to recover from stress conditions. Nanomaterials help target fertilizer and pesticide delivery to root systems, reducing environmental impacts and increasing agricultural efficiency. Nanomaterials promote microbial growth, which is good for soil health. However, there are concerns about the long-term health and environmental impacts of nanomaterials that require risk assessments and regulatory regulation before they can be widely used. This chapter aims to discuss nanomaterials that might be used to combat soil contamination and enhance plant defensive mechanisms.