Nanotechnology in agriculture and the global economy may pose health risks. In this work, we discuss the impact of nanofertilizers (NFs) on soil quality and crop growth. We analyze recent developments in the form of case studies and show if NFs are viable to contribute toward sustainable agriculture, improve soil quality, and enhance crop productivity. The NFs were found to supplement the nutritional values of the soil, upgrade the ecosystem, and increase the quantity of microbes in the soil. This work highlights the potential of nanofertilizers as a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers, emphasizing their ability to enhance nutrient delivery, improve soil quality, and promote crop growth while minimizing environmental impact. It underscores the need for further research and regulatory frameworks to ensure these innovative agricultural practices’ safe and effective application.