Oil spills pose a substantial menace to maritime environments and ecosystems. Hence, the extraction of oil from water resources is a current and significant matter of concern. Among various spill oil removal methods, using sorbents, membranes, and aerogels to absorb and recover spilled oils is the prospective method. These products are cost-effective and able to reduce secondary pollution to the water resources compared to surface-active substances like dispersants, which are more toxic than oil. Currently, there is a growing interest in sorbents that are derived from biomass sources, because they are low-cost, abundant, biodegradable, and sustainable. Herein, several biomaterials on micro-to nanosized scale (cellulose-based, chitin/chitosan-based, and biochar-based) are discussed in this chapter. Various modification methods for biomass nanomaterials to enhance the spilled oil removal ability are also mentioned. This chapter encompasses the research undertaken by multiple scientists in the domain of eliminating and retrieving spilled oils by the utilisation of diverse biobased nanomaterials.