The oil and gas sector’s adoption of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies presents distinct security challenges due to the remote, resource-constrained environments in which IIoT devices operate and the industry’s susceptibility to sophisticated cyber threats. Traditional IIoT frameworks often fail to meet these unique requirements, lacking the scalability, resilience, and resource efficiency necessary for such high-stakes applications. This paper proposes a specialized IIoT security framework that integrates blockchain for decentralized data integrity, Cuckoo filters for optimized data verification, and fog computing for low-latency, localized processing. The proposed framework addresses critical threats, including replay, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks, and enhances scalability for extensive device networks. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the framework outperforms existing solutions in terms of security robustness and operational efficiency, making it particularly well-suited to the stringent demands of the oil and gas industry. This research contributes a scalable, secure, and efficient solution for IIoT applications, supporting real-time data processing and high-frequency data verification in challenging industrial environments.