Chromatography, which is a versatile analytical technique, includes a range of methods with significant applications across pharmaceuticals, chemistry, environmental science, and biology. Among these methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is widely used for its simplicity and effectiveness in separating and analyzing complex mixtures. TLC operates by exploiting differences in the affinity of components towards two phases: a stationary phase, which is a thin layer of adsorbent material on an inert backing, and a mobile phase that moves across it, carrying analytes at varying rates. Key components—such as the developing chamber, stationary and mobile phases, and solid support—are integral to the process. TLC plays a critical role in pharmaceuticals for purity testing, drug formulation analysis, and stability studies. In chemistry, it aids in compound identification, reaction monitoring, and quality control. Its low cost, adaptability, and efficient results make TLC a valuable tool in scientific research, education, and environmental monitoring.