The construction sector is actively seeking sustainable materials and practices to reduce its environmental impact while maintaining structural integrity. This study investigates the potential of marble waste powder (MWP) as a partial cement replacement in concrete mixes. The primary goal is to thoroughly evaluate the compressive strength performance of concrete containing varying MWP proportions as a cement substitute. Through an extensive experimental program, the influence of MWP content on the compressive strength development of concrete is systematically examined at different curing ages. Concrete mixtures are prepared with MWP replacement levels ranging from 0 to 50% by weight of cement. Standard laboratory procedures are followed to cast cylindrical specimens, which undergo compressive strength testing at designated intervals, typically 7, 14, and 28 days after casting. The study aims to provide insights into the mechanical behavior and durability aspects of MWP-incorporated concrete. It seeks to offer practical recommendations for optimizing MWP proportions to achieve desired compressive strength while minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable construction practices. The findings are anticipated to guide stakeholders, including engineers, architects, and policymakers, in adopting environmentally friendly alternatives for concrete production. By valorizing waste materials like MWP, this research endeavors to contribute to a more sustainable and resilient built environment, reducing the construction industry’s ecological footprint.