Cocaine, produced from the leaves of the Erythroxylon species, is chemically known as erythroxylin, a typical psychoactive tropane alkaloid. Though historical perspectives of coca leaf extracts and cocaine had little medicinal and recreational application relevance, later, it became one of the major addictive drugs. Now, cocaine abuse is an economic burden to many countries. Although many laws and regulations are in place throughout the world, illegal drug trafficking has become a significant factor affecting the people who are addicted to this drug. Various reviews on cocaine highlighted cocaine’s physicochemical characteristics, extraction, health issues, and legal and regulation aspects; an update on these facets is covered in this chapter.