The development of grass and animal husbandry in China has made silage increasingly important as a key feed resource for ruminant production. Silage or fermented total mixed ration provides a nutritionally balanced and stable diet for Chinese herbivorous livestock. The fermentation process can utilize unconventional feed resources, such as industrial by-products, energy crops, and certain waste materials from agricultural and industrial production. This chapter mainly focuses on the importance and practical application of silage in China’s animal husbandry sector and briefly introduces recent research progress in fermented total mixed ration in China.