Communication function equipment is a critical component of aircraft systems, continuously operational during navigation and combat missions. This equipment is subjected to severe mechanical environmental stresses, which can adversely affect its stability and lifespan. Addressing the challenge of random vibrations in airborne equipment for a specific type of fighter aircraft, this study introduces a novel damper design based on particle friction collision damping technology. The damper is engineered for easy integration with existing equipment structures, enhancing vibration damping without structural modifications. The damping mechanism relies on energy dissipation through particle collisions within the damper, significantly improving the damping performance of the equipment. By implementing this particle collision damper, peak vibration responses during resonance are markedly reduced. The study employs a discrete element method to calculate energy dissipation within the particle system and optimizes particle size and filling rate for the damper model design. Experimental analysis of acceleration responses before and after damper installation shows that the damper reduces peak responses to random excitation by over 50%, thereby significantly extending equipment service life. This research provides valuable insights for designing and applying vibration damping solutions in similar airborne systems.