Injection molding machine is the main equipment to produce complex structure plastic products, in which the barrel heating system is its main energy-consuming system. A novel heating element comprising a graphene electric heating film is proposed according to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection in the paper. Based on the Thermal-Electric module in Ansys Workbench 18.0, the heat transfer performance of the electric heating element is analyzed by using numerical simulation methods in this paper. The heating temperature and total heat flux are used as evaluation indicators. The effects of the voltage level, the thickness of heating coating, and the thickness of surface insulation ceramic layer on its heat transfer performance are compared. The results of the study show that the thickness of the graphene coating will significantly affect the heating temperature and heat flux of the electric heating element. The thickness of ordinary clay ceramics as the substrate material does not have a significant effect on the temperature of the electric heating element. The thickness of the insulating ceramic coating of silicon nitride has little effect on the overall heating temperature and average heat flux of the electric heating element. This study provides a reference for further advancing the industrial use of this novel component.