The success rate of bone drilling determines the patients rehabilitation time and the degree of functional recovery. In order to reduce the mechanical damage and thermal damage of the drilling area and surrounding bone tissue, appropriate drilling methods and processing parameters should be selected. In the process of vibration-assisted drilling, effective chip breaking can be achieved by controlling the processing parameters, and the drilling temperature and drilling force can be reduced, thereby improving the quality of the processed surface. In recent years, some scholars have tried to introduce low-frequency vibration-assisted technology into bone drilling in order to improve the drilling effect. In the complex drilling process, the drilling force and drilling temperature are affected by many factors, such as processing parameters, vibration parameters, tool structure, etc. To gain a better understanding of drilling-assisted machining technology and minimize bone damage, this article provides a comprehensive overview of drilling force, drilling temperature, and surface quality during vibration-assisted drilling.