The tribological characteristics of cortical bone against 316 stainless steel under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disk test was investigated in this paper. The FEM is employed to monitor the changes of friction temperature. The mechanisms of bone and 316 stainless steel are analyzed. The results indicate that as the load increases, the friction coefficient decreases, while the wear rate and friction temperature increase. Simultaneously, with the increase in sliding speed, the friction coefficient, wear rate, and friction temperature also increase respectively. Additionally, the friction temperature in CD is lower than that in LVAD. In the experiments, the primary wear mechanisms are adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The findings of this study provide guidance for selecting parameters in bone drilling, which is of great significance for enhancing the stability of implants.