The numerous nutritional benefits associated with fruits make them an essential part of the human diet. They also contribute significantly to crop diversification, employment creation, and better incomes to the growers. However, it is often challenging for fruit crops to reach optimal productivity levels due to abiotic stressors including drought and heat experienced throughout different phenological phases. In addition to hampering harvests, these stressors also endanger food and nutrition security, especially in view of the worsening impacts of climate change. Even though plants have evolved a range of morphological, physiological, and biochemical defense systems to deal with these challenges, even mild-to-moderate intensity of these stresses can severely impair tree growth and productivity; reductions in yield may be as high as 50% under certain conditions. Plant stress response is a multifaceted process mediated, inter alia, by phytohormones, secondary metabolites, transcription factors, and signal transduction. Even though crop improvement through traditional methods still plays a major role in reducing such abiotic risks in fruit crop production, emerging frontiers in biotechnology and nanotechnology would play a crucial role in developing stress-resistant cultivars in the foreseeable future. It is expected that rapid technological advancements in the fields of agro-biotechnology, bioinformatics, and functional and structural genomics will accelerate the development of scion and rootstock cultivars with improved resilience to these and other environmental constraints. In this chapter, we aim to highlight the physiological, biochemical, and genetic components of the recent advances in our understanding of plant drought and heat tolerance. We present an overview of different strategies to adapt to the challenges posed by drought and heat stresses to fruit crop production.