The sustainable development goals (SDGs) target to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. For India, food security continues to be high on its list of development priorities because the country’s reduction in hunger and malnutrition is not commensurate with relatively high rates of economic growth. In the last two decades, the undernourished population has declined marginally (~2%), and child wasting under the age of five has increased by 2%. According to the fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), the proportion of children under 5 years who are underweight is significantly high in the states of Bihar (41%), Chhattisgarh (31.3%), and Uttar Pradesh (32.1%). While significant portions of the Indian populace experience severe undernutrition, increasing incomes, and urbanization, there is evidence of a transition in the food landscape, switching from cereals toward high-value agricultural products like horticulture produce, poultry products, fish, and meat. Consequently, there will be an increase in total food demand driven by population growth and also an increasing indirect demand for animal feed and biofuel.