Detection technology leveraging X-ray penetration characteristics has been widely applied as a key method in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT). Realizing more compact, portable, and lightweight X-ray sources has significant scientific and practical value. Based on an analysis of X-ray imaging principles and parameter requirements, this study developed a compact pulse X-ray source using a spiral transformer-based pulse high-voltage source and a vacuum-sealed rod-clamped diode. The source operates at approximately 100 kV, with a focal spot size of ~ 1 mm, capable of penetrating several millimeters of stainless steel. Experimental imaging of typical power system components demonstrated clear imaging capability for components such as fuses, lightning arresters, and composite insulators, indicating promising application potential.