The epoxy resin insulating components are influenced by electric fields during service, leading to the formation of dendritic electrical damage channels within the material, which can result in insulation breakdown. Furthermore, the insoluble and infusible characteristics of traditional epoxy resins pose challenges for the recycling and disposal of decommissioned equipment. In this study, based on the theory of dynamic chemical bonds exchange reactions, we introduced dynamic boronic ester bonds into a conventional epoxy resin system. This resulted in an epoxy resin insulation material that is cross-linked by both boronic ester bonds and traditional anhydride curing agents. We employed a needle-plate electrode model to investigate the insulation properties and self-repair capabilities of this material. The results indicate that the material exhibits excellent insulation performance as well as self-healing abilities; after thermal healing of dendritic defects caused by electrical stress, its breakdown strength was restored to 82.22% of its initial value. Additionally, we conducted degradation recycling experiments to explore the dynamic exchange and degradation characteristics of the resin. Our findings reveal that cross-linking with boronic ester bonds endows the resin network with excellent dynamic properties, enabling environmentally friendly degradation of resin materials. This research provides new insights and options for self-repairing internal dendritic defects in epoxy resin insulating materials as well as for harmless recycling processes for decommissioned equipment.