Environmental sustainability has emerged as a critical global concern driven by climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which constitute approximately 90% of businesses and over 50% of jobs worldwide, encounter significant challenges in implementing sustainable practices due to limited resources and knowledge. This study investigates how SMEs can integrate green strategies and innovative practices to achieve sustainability goals within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. Therefore, The research aims to develop a conceptual model that combines green business strategies, green competencies, green innovation, and green manufacturing practices to enhance SMEs’ sustainable performance. The study employs an exploratory–descriptive approach, analyzing literature to identify key themes and relationships between variables. The proposed model highlights the importance of green competencies, including knowledge, skills, and attitudes, in fostering green innovation and manufacturing practices. The findings suggest that green strategies can improve SMEs’ operational efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and enhance competitiveness. This research contributes to the literature by focusing on SMEs’ role as change agents in achieving global sustainability and offers practical recommendations for implementing green strategies effectively.