This chapter explores the multifaceted significance of jade in prehistoric Chinese societies, analyzing its roles in aesthetic expression, spiritual practices, and social structures. It details how jade adornments, such as jue earrings and necklaces, evolved from functional decorations to markers of social status and self-awareness, reflecting the development of human consciousness. The connection between jade and shamanism is examined, emphasizing its use in rituals as divine intermediaries (e.g., cong, bi) and funerary objects for elites. The chapter further discusses jade’s integration into the system of rites (li) and music (yue), where it symbolized political authority, tribal identity, and societal harmony. Finally, it highlights the aesthetic and philosophical dimensions of jade, including its craftsmanship and association with virtues like benevolence, embodying the harmony between humanity, heaven, and earth.