The proliferation of population and industrialization has resulted in the emergence and survival of many forms of organic and inorganic contaminants, which substantially threaten the environment and human well-being. Hence, there is an urgent need to look for and apply new technology to address the problem of environmental pollution. Scientists have devised the method of bioremediation to effectively minimize environmental risks by using biodegradation or bioreduction to eliminate pollutants in water, soil, and air. Furthermore, nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest for their ability to tackle environmental cleanup alongside bioremediation. This chapter provides an early overview of the importance of bioremediation and nanoremediation in the context of environmental pollution removal. Next, we have discussed the benefits and limitations of bioremediation and nanoremediation as methods for mitigating environmental contamination. This chapter might help the researchers gain knowledge on bioremediation and nano remediation to reduce environmental risks in the future.