Acute heart failure (AHF) is defined as an acute clinical syndrome of new or worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF). It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a constellation of symptoms (dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower limb swelling) and signs (elevated jugular venous pressure, gallop sounds (S4 and S3), and pulmonary crepitations) often caused by structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality resulting in reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures.