This chapter examines the role of urban neighbourhoods in shaping health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) amidst rapid urbanisation and pronounced social inequalities. It explores how neighbourhood attributes contribute to health disparities and the potential for fostering healthier urban lifestyles. Drawing upon the SHLC Household Survey and relating the findings to established theories, this chapter reveals how physical, social, and economic neighbourhood factors intersect with broader socio-economic policies affecting well-being. The analysis is situated within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasising the way local actions can contribute to addressing global health commitments. The chapter focuses on both the challenges and opportunities in LMICs for achieving health equity at the neighbourhood level, providing insights for researchers, city planners, and policymakers.