Practical instruction in CNC lathe operations constitutes a pivotal component of engineering education across ordinary colleges and universities nationwide. Within the sphere of enhanced quality productivity, the practical teaching of CNC lathes faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Grounded in the philosophy of talent development through practice-driven innovation, this study conducts an in-depth exploration of the comprehensive design and reform strategies for the CNC lathe practical teaching system. By integrating Swan CNC simulation software with the pedagogical framework and embracing the advanced CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) engineering education philosophy, the aim is to lead the transformation of CNC lathe instruction and guide its evolution toward digitization, informatization, and intelligence. The implementation of this innovative pedagogical model will not only significantly enhance students’ engineering practice capabilities but also invigorate their innovative thinking and spirit of exploration, thereby providing robust support for the cultivation of high-caliber technical talents that meet the demands of enhanced quality productivity.