A 1-year-old male cyanotic infant was diagnosed with tricuspid atresia by cardiac ultrasound. In order to improve hypoxia, reduce cardiac volume loading, and prepare for the final surgical correction of a single ventricle, a right-sided bidirectional superior vena cava-pulmonary artery anastomosis under cardiopulmonary bypass support was performed. As a staged procedure in treating a single ventricle, the goal of anesthetic management is to improve the pulmonary blood flow status, maintain the balance of blood flow between systemic and pulmonary circulation, and optimize the oxygen supply and perfusion of the systemic circulation. In this regard, the effect of mechanical ventilation on the patient’s systemic-pulmonary blood flow status is an aspect of anesthetic management that should be given special attention.