Higher education plays an integral role in promoting individual and societal well-being. The Indian National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) advocates the development of learners’ cognitive and social capacities for them to meet the ever-changing needs of the twenty-first century. NEP 2020 also emphasises the importance of learning ‘how to learn’ and ‘how to think’ in twenty-first-century education. The chapter addresses the need for integrating thinking skills in higher education. Imparting thinking skills would enable the students to be more autonomous learners and would also facilitate them to be effective thinkers in this dynamic and digital milieu. Moreover, an individual’s thinking is embedded in the social context. Correspondingly, the chapter primarily focuses on the cognitive and social aspects of thinking and thinking skills in higher education. The chapter also offers insight on the efficacy of imparting thinking skills as an exclusive course and in an integrated manner across the curriculum. In this line, the chapter concentrates on imparting thinking skills in general and subject-specific contexts. The chapter also analyses the various aspects and challenges involved in integrating the teaching and learning of thinking skills across the higher education curriculum.