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In the development of automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs), selecting the appropriate on-chip bus architecture is critical to optimizing system performance, scalability, and efficiency. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three widely used bus architectures: Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA), Wishbone, and IBM’s CoreConnect. AMBA, designed by ARM, is recognized for its superior performance and scalability. The Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) protocol is ideal for high-speed, high-bandwidth applications, such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and infotainment systems, while the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is more suited for low-power peripherals like sensor interfaces. The Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) provides a balanced solution for real-time control systems, offering a compromise between performance and complexity. Wishbone, developed by the OpenCores community, is characterized by its flexibility and adaptability, making it particularly suitable for custom Intellectual Property (IP) cores in ECUs (electronics control unit) and Battery Management Systems (BMS). Its open-source nature promotes innovation and simplifies integration. IBM’s CoreConnect architecture, featuring the Processor Local Bus (PLB) and On-chip Peripheral Bus (OPB) protocols, offers a balanced solution for both high-performance and low-speed communication requirements. PLB is particularly well suited for real-time data analytics and high-speed networking in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, while OPB’s simplicity and energy efficiency make it ideal for low-speed peripherals such as climate control systems. The paper concludes that the choice of bus architecture should be driven by the specific requirements of the automotive application, ensuring that the system meets desired goals in terms of performance, efficiency, and scalability.

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Comparative Study of Automotive ECU with AMBA, Wishbone, and IBM Bus Architectures

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • P. U. Kalkundri,
  • Veena Desai,
  • S. C. Kuri

摘要

In the development of automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs), selecting the appropriate on-chip bus architecture is critical to optimizing system performance, scalability, and efficiency. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three widely used bus architectures: Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA), Wishbone, and IBM’s CoreConnect. AMBA, designed by ARM, is recognized for its superior performance and scalability. The Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) protocol is ideal for high-speed, high-bandwidth applications, such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and infotainment systems, while the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is more suited for low-power peripherals like sensor interfaces. The Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) provides a balanced solution for real-time control systems, offering a compromise between performance and complexity. Wishbone, developed by the OpenCores community, is characterized by its flexibility and adaptability, making it particularly suitable for custom Intellectual Property (IP) cores in ECUs (electronics control unit) and Battery Management Systems (BMS). Its open-source nature promotes innovation and simplifies integration. IBM’s CoreConnect architecture, featuring the Processor Local Bus (PLB) and On-chip Peripheral Bus (OPB) protocols, offers a balanced solution for both high-performance and low-speed communication requirements. PLB is particularly well suited for real-time data analytics and high-speed networking in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, while OPB’s simplicity and energy efficiency make it ideal for low-speed peripherals such as climate control systems. The paper concludes that the choice of bus architecture should be driven by the specific requirements of the automotive application, ensuring that the system meets desired goals in terms of performance, efficiency, and scalability.