This chapter analyzes the political participation of online public opinion supervision. This chapter first examines the impact of the Internet on the participation of online public opinion supervision (referred to as “online public opinion supervision political participation” in this chapter). Through the pressure exerted by public opinion on government decisions and actions, online public opinion supervision political participation influences the government to consider adjusting its policies and behavior in order to maintain its legitimacy and image. As a result, citizens can engage in political participation to a certain extent through online public opinion. This chapter introduces the development of online public opinion supervision political participation in China and highlights its impacts, including: (1) fostering the cultivation of the public sphere and promoting the formation of government legitimacy, and (2) facilitating the emergence and development of specialized institutions for monitoring online public opinion.