Climate change affects people’s livelihoods, health, and access to natural resources worldwide, with vulnerable communities disproportionately impacted due to factors like poverty and reliance on subsistence farming. This review examines the climate change concept with respect to the agriculture field. Mountain regions serve as early indicators of climate change. Changes in the strength and timing of monsoons, driven by climate change, have significant consequences for river flows, groundwater recharge, natural hazards, ecosystems, and human livelihoods. While researchers struggle to grasp the diverse impacts of climate change fully, it is clear that it increasingly affects people’s lives, particularly in developing nations. Men and women experience climate change differently, with men often compelled to migrate while climate change exacerbates the feminization of agriculture. Developing effective adaptation strategies is crucial to address these challenges. To address emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and climate change in food and agriculture, prioritizing efficiency of energy use and ecologically sustainable production practices are crucial. Increasing soil carbon levels and implementing energy-efficient systems can positively impact greenhouse gas levels and climate change outcomes. However, fragmented agriculture and localized mitigation efforts pose challenges, especially for resource-intensive implementation. Disparities exist between developed nations required to reduce emissions and developing nations experiencing climate change effects, complicating mitigation efforts. International aid mechanisms could assist vulnerable smallholders in developing nations, but current opportunities are limited. Some mitigation strategies may disrupt conventional food production, risking food security. Ultimately, the most effective and economical approach is to avoid activities contributing to global warming.