Effective groundwater management is crucial for food security, water availability, and economic prosperity, given the global water shortage and the effects of a changing climate. Groundwater is a natural resource that is hidden underground and cannot be seen directly. As a result, mapping of this resource can be difficult. In light of the significant geological heterogeneity present in the Narmada River Basin, groundwater potential mapping is a highly complex and difficult task, and there is still much to explore. Therefore, this study aims to identify areas with groundwater potential and suitable locations for artificial groundwater replenishment in the Narmada River Basin, India, by geospatial approach. The eight thematic factors geology, geomorphology, lineament density, land use/land cover, slope, soil texture, rainfall, and drainage density were taken for groundwater potential mapping. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multi-criteria decision analysis method which used to delineate groundwater potential zones. Based on index values, the integrated map identified five classes of groundwater potential: very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. The classification was determined by index values, ranging from high to low. The groundwater potential zones were validated through well yield data procured from Bhujal-Bhuvan Portal and found very good accuracy. Next, a critical area for artificial recharge was identified within the study region. Suitable sites for artificial groundwater recharge structures as their locations were identified in critical areas of Narmada Basin with good accuracy, including 8431 percolation tanks, 20,639 staggered contour trenches, 3582 nala bunds, and 54,803 check dams. The strategic use of geoinformatics, coupled with a robust multi-criteria decision-making framework, proved instrumental in pinpointing ideal locations for augmenting groundwater recharge.