Chapter 6 explores state behavior as a cause of conflict by turning the lens to structural inequalities of poverty, class-based discrimination, and economic oppression. Economic inequalities that disrupt the social fabric are crucial to understanding why the Syrian conflict reached destructive levels. From the perspective of the study participants, the chapter analyzes the effects of unequal distribution of resources and deep income gaps among different groups. Poverty was prevalent in Syria, especially in the rural areas and urban periphery. In turn, cities had their own problems due to economic oppression that monopolized the financial gains in the hands of the ruling elite. Poor supported the uprising for economic and class reasons with the expectation of having a better life, while relatively better-off segments supported the uprising with incentives of dignity and more economic and social opportunities. The chapter discusses the negative consequences of war as people shifted from demands for dignity to lack of basic needs.