This chapter highlights the role of 2D imaging in machine vision, safety inspection, and security, emphasizing the importance of dynamic range, resolution, and deep learning in enhancing the performance of machine vision systems. High-resolution 2D imaging enables accurate detection, object classification, and real-time monitoring, making it essential for multiple industries. Dynamic range extension enhances image contrast and brightness, improving system reliability under varying lighting conditions. In safety inspection systems, 2D imaging, integrated with multimodal fusion technologies like X-ray, infrared, and millimeter-wave imaging, offers enhanced detection capabilities. AI-driven analysis, big data, and automated systems significantly reduce human error, accelerate detection, and improve efficiency in security checks. These advancements contribute to airport security and industrial automation.