Single-photon imaging is an advanced method for capturing high-resolution images by detecting individual photons, enabling applications in quantum communication and medical diagnostics. Comprising a transceiver, photon detector, and signal processor, it excels in precise photon detection and signal re-aggregation. Recent advancements have enhanced imaging quality, addressing limitations in human vision. Key applications include quantum information science, bioluminescence imaging, and tumor detection. In particular, laser 3D imaging, bolstered by surface-array single-photon detectors, enables precise 3D reconstruction in low-light environments, benefiting military, medical, and automotive sectors. Challenges like cost, sensitivity, and stability remain, but future developments aim to enhance photon sources and detectors, optimize quantum communication protocols, and integrate advanced algorithms for real-time image processing.