As the mining depth increases, the self-weight stress of the coal body, the structural stress and the mining stress overlap, forming a very complex stress situation in the mining field, causing a series of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the rock, and showing obvious strong disturbance characteristics. Some problems related to rock mechanics science and engineering gradually change from quantitative to qualitative. The deformation and destruction degree and mode of coal and rock mass are quite different from those in shallow parts. The existing theories and tunnel support methods applicable to shallow mining have encountered problems in deep engineering practice. The resource extraction is extremely difficult and the risk of major mine safety accidents increases, seriously threatening the safe production of the mine. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the temporal and spatial evolution laws of deep mining fields and the loss evolution mechanical characteristics of coal and rock masses.