This study explores the adaptive synchronization of a specific class of uncertain dynamical complex networks, characterized by negative weights and time-varying delays. To mitigate the effects on both pinned and unpinned nodes, adaptive pinning control and coupling adjustment strategies are devised. Specifically, these strategies aim to estimate the controller parameters, adjust the coupling strength, and estimate the bounds of delayed state errors, thereby compensating for the delays’ impacts. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and mathematical techniques, adaptive pinning controllers and network adjusters are developed. These strategies are tailored to guarantee the achievement of network synchronization, even in the presence of negative weights, delays, and uncertainties within the network. Finally, several numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the mathematical deductions.