Global resource shortages, energy crises and surging sales of new energy vehicles have made battery safety a key issue, and non-destructive ultrasonic technology shows great potential in battery condition monitoring. This study investigates the application of ultrasonic technology in monitoring the internal state and structural changes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under diverse discharge strategies. By employing ultrasonic total focusing method (TFM) and analyzing time-of-flight (ToF) and signal amplitude (SA) data, we demonstrate the potential of ultrasound to characterize battery health and degradation. The study focuses on real-time monitoring of state of charge (SOC) during various discharge protocols and highlights the impact of pulse discharge on battery performance. While acknowledging limitations in replicating real-world operating conditions, the study suggests that integrating ultrasonic monitoring into battery management systems could significantly improve battery safety, performance, and lifetime. This approach has the potential to advance battery technology and support the sustainable development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.