Investigating Mechanical Anisotropy of Excised Porcine Skin Using Dog-Bone Specimen
摘要
The natural alignment of the collagen fibers and its failure mechanics for the skin plays important in plastic surgery, dermatology, and forensic science. Skin is an anisotropic composite material made of elastin and collagen fibers along with ground substance. Effect of collagen fibers orientation on the mechanical properties and its failure mechanics was investigated in the present article. Custom-built uniaxial testing setup was developed for the quantification of the mechanical properties. Imaging technique was used for the measurement of the local strain distribution over the specimen surface. Dogbone shaped specimens were prepared in four different orientation parallel, 30°, 60° and perpendicular to the collagen fibers direction. Stress strain relations obtained from experiments were used for the calculation of mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus in toe region and linear region, transition point and strain energy absorbed before failure. Elastic modulus in the linear region, ultimate tensile strength and strain energy were higher for the parallel orientation of collagen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images explains the role of collagen as the load bearing material. In the direction of collagen alignment fibrils fractured plastically and display flat failure. While perpendicular to the alignment direction fibrils were fractured and display a fringes pattern. Finally, finite element modeling (FEM) along with the imaging technique with the experiment was used to explain the role of specimen shape on the measurement of mechanical properties. In short, the present study explains the failure mechanics and provides the essential data and information for the modeling of skin for finite element simulation using anisotropic constitutive model.