As manufacturing companies face intense competition, processing enterprises globally are increasingly focusing on production line research in search of efficiency enhancements. Current challenges primarily revolve around productivity and product quality, Navigating bottlenecks in the production line and achieving line balancing are central to addressing these issues. This paper takes the welding production line of Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd. Compartment branch as the research object to optimize the welding production line process and production line balance. The balance of Dongfeng light car welding production was analyzed. The simulation software Flexsim was used to simulate the production line and find out the bottleneck of the production line. Then the 0–1 integer programming model is established, the optimal solution is obtained by using Lingo software, and the improvement measures are put forward to improve the balance rate of the production line.