In response to the limited number of mature leaf vegetable harvesters in China, the high price of imported foreign products, and their unsuitability for operations in hilly and mountainous areas, a reciprocating root and leaf vegetable harvester with a width of 950 mm, a turning radius of ≤ 1500 mm, a minimum ground clearance of 150 mm, and a cutting height of-100-0mm was developed through theoretical calculation, 3D modeling, simulation analysis, and other methods. Different operating speeds and cutting blade reciprocating speeds were set for field experiments. After analysis, the damage rate of leaf vegetables harvested was ≤ 5% when the operating speed was 0.2 m/s and the cutting blade reciprocating speed was 0.4 m/s; Main root cutting rate ≥ 95%; The working performance of the harvester is stable; Harvest efficiency reached 1 mu/h.