The corneal epithelium is a vital component of the ocular surface that helps preserve barrier integrity, corneal transparency, and overall visual function. Regeneration of the corneal epithelium relies on the intact function of limbal stem cells. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) results from damage to the limbal stem cells and their associated niche, leading to ocular surface disease. Following accurate diagnosis and staging, the management of LSCD requires a systematic approach to repopulate functioning limbal stem cells, restore the limbal niche, and ultimately optimize ocular surface health. This chapter highlights the current practices and future directions in diagnosing and managing LSCD.