This chapter summarizes the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the management of dry eye disease introduced in the last 4 years. The newly introduced diagnostic tests are direct clinical assessment of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland, direct assessment of tear secretion, novel autoantibodies for Sjogren’s syndrome, inflammatory biomarkers in the tear film, and OCT-based meibomian gland imaging. As far as newer treatment options are concerned, molecular drugs and stem cell therapies are under investigation.