Introduction to Systems Thinking
摘要
A system has certain characteristics, such as being self-organizing, constantly changing, tightly linked, and governed by feedback and nonlinearity. Systems thinking is often compared to an iceberg, with only the events level above the surface among its four levels: events, patterns of behavior, structure of the system, and mental model. Systems thinking skills include dynamic thinking, systems-as-cause thinking, forest thinking, operational thinking, and loop thinking.