The idea of globalization includes the opening up of world trade, the growth of multinational companies, the migration of the population, and the improvement of communication technology. It facilitates individuals, goods, services, capital, data, and ideas mobility. Globalization has turned the entire world into a global village which is interconnected and interdependent due to advancement in communication and transportation. It has multiple impacts on Indian agriculture. Agriculture’s growth rate in India increased after the adoption of policies such as globalization and liberalization in 1991; however, due to high input costs, the economic growth of farmers did not reach a significant level. With the opening up of its economy to global trade, India faced pressure to reduce agricultural subsidies, particularly those deemed trade-distorting by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The reduction in subsidies could negatively affect small and marginal farmers who rely on government support for inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation. Further, globalization has brought about changes in intellectual property rights regulations, particularly regarding seeds and agricultural innovations. This has limited the traditional practice of saving and reusing seeds. The use of hybrid and GMOs requires purchasing new seeds every crop season. Globalization has brought greater access to foreign markets, technology transfer, improved productivity, and higher living standards. However, it has created new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial markets, and environmental deterioration. Trade-oriented policies can bring benefits such as increased economic growth, job creation, and access to a broader range of goods and services. They can also pose challenges such as trade imbalances, loss of domestic industries, and social dislocation. Therefore, policymakers need to carefully consider the trade-offs and design policies that maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing its adverse effects.