Geothermal energy, as a clean and low-carbon form of energy, is receiving more and more attention and emphasis in the context of the “dual-carbon” goal. As China accelerates the pace of carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation, the development and utilization of geothermal resources will play a pivotal role. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Renewable Energy proposes to actively promote the large-scale development of geothermal energy, actively promote the use of medium and deep geothermal energy for heating and cooling, comprehensively promote the development of shallow geothermal energy, and orderly promote the development of geothermal Power Generation. Geothermal energy has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, renewability, high utilization efficiency, stable supply, and large scope of application, which is of great significance for promoting the transformation of energy structure, coping with climate change, and realizing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the causes and distribution law of geothermal energy; secondly, it introduces the classification of geothermal resources and the method of development and utilization; finally, it introduces the current situation of geothermal resources development and utilization, and looks forward to the future development prospect of geothermal resources in the process of achieving the “dual-carbon” goals.