Sustainable development is a global imperative, and infrastructure construction, particularly transportation systems, plays a crucial role in this agenda. This paper examines the barriers to achieving sustainable Road construction projects in Vietnam, highlighting the significant negative impacts of current construction practices, such as carbon emissions and ecological damage. Through literature review and surveys of various stakeholders, the study employs the Analytical Hierarchy Process to identify key obstacles: financial constraints, dependency on imported resources and technology, lack of stakeholder collaboration, and limited investor awareness. Recommendations include enhancing sustainability education, legislative support for green building practices, and ongoing professional development in sustainability. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to integrating sustainable practices in Vietnam’s transportation sector, with future research suggesting cultural influences on infrastructure usage.