This chapter offers advice for researchers of Catholic education about how to navigate the place of theology in Catholic education. It is argued that on first impressions it is often assumed that there must be a readily identifiable philosophy of Catholic education. This assumption is challenged and the case is made for demonstrating that a more complex set of issues are at play. This is largely because of a movement away from focusing on the philosophy of Catholic education towards the theology of Catholic education. The central debates, such as whether or not Catholic education is intrinsically a catechetical or confessional endeavour, are identified and a possible methodology is outlined.